Looking at worldwide potash supply, the US Geological Survery states that world potash capacity is projected to rise to 66 million metric tons (MT) in 2025 from 64 million MT in 2021. Most of the increase will come from new muriate of potash (MOP) mines and project expansions in Belarus, Canada and Russia — the big three MOP producers. Looking past 2025, new MOP mines are expected to come online in Brazil, Canada, Ethiopia, Morocco, Spain and the US. As for sulfate of potash, new mines are planned in Australia and Eritrea.
纵观全球钾肥供应，美国地质调查局表示：预计到2025年，世界钾肥产能将从2021年的6400万吨增加至6600万吨。这部分增长将主要来自白俄罗斯、加拿大及俄罗斯这三大氯化钾(MOP)生产国的新矿和项目扩建。2025年以后，预测巴西、加拿大、埃塞俄比亚、摩洛哥、西班牙和美国将有新的氯化钾矿投入运营，而澳大利亚和厄立特里亚则计划开设新的硫酸钾矿(SOP)。
So what were the top potash countries by production last year? Read through the list below to find out.
下文详细列举了去年全球范围内钾肥产量排名前10的国家：
1. Canada 🇨🇦
Mine production: 16 million MT
Leading the list of the top potash countries by production is Canada. The nation is the world’s largest potash producer, with potash production growing by 180,000 MT in 2022 over 2021 production levels.
Nutrien (TSX:NTR,NYSE:NTR), the world’s largest potash company, is based in the Canadian prairie province of Saskatchewan. It was born from a 2018 merger between two crop nutrient companies, Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan and Agrium. The deal created “a global agricultural giant” now valued at more than US$41 billion.
1. 加拿大
矿产量：1600万吨
加拿大位居榜首，是世界上最大的钾肥生产国。2022年的钾肥产量较2021年增长了18万吨。
全球最大的钾肥公司Nutrien总部位于加拿大的萨斯喀彻温省，该公司由萨斯喀彻温钾肥公司和Agrium两家植物营养公司于2018年合并而成，以如今超过410亿美金的市值创造了一个“全球农业巨头”。
2. China 🇨🇳
Mine production: 6 million MT
China's potash production remained flat in 2022, with no growth over 2021 output. However, the country still jumped to the second spot on the list of top potash-producing countries as output fell in Russia and Belarus.
Potash is extremely vital for China — the country is the largest consumer of the fertilizer, accounting for approximately 20 percent of world potash consumption. China’s domestic demand for the material is higher than its homegrown potash supply, making the country reliant on potash imports, especially when it comes to MOP.
2. 中国
矿产量：600万吨
2022年中国的钾肥产量与2021年相比没有增长，保持不变。然而由于俄罗斯和白俄罗斯的钾肥产量下降，中国在全球钾肥生产国排名中上升至第二位。
中国是钾肥最大的消费国，约占全球钾肥消耗总量的20%，因此对中国而言，钾肥非常重要。同时，由于国内钾肥需求量高于国内钾肥供应量，致使中国在氯化钾方面特别依赖进口资源。
3. Russia 🇷🇺
Mine production: 5 million MT
In 2022, Russia posted 5 million MT in potash production, plummeting 45 percent from 9.1 million MT the year prior. Uralkali is Russia’s premier potash company, as well as one of the world’s leading potash producers, accounting for roughly 20 percent of global supply pre-war. The company has five mines and seven ore treatment and processing mills.
In response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the European Union placed import quotas on potash from Russia, while the US sanctions limited the amount of potash that could be imported. “Russia responded by suspending fertilizer exports to countries that it deemed unfriendly. Russia continued exports to China, India, and some countries in Africa and South America, but its exports were about 30% lower in 2022 compared with those in 2021,” notes the US Geological Survey.
3. 俄罗斯
矿产量：500万吨
2022年，俄罗斯的钾肥产量为500万吨，较前年的910万吨下降了45%。乌拉尔钾肥(Uralkali)是俄罗斯主要的钾肥公司，也是世界领先的钾肥生产商之一，约占全球供应量的20%。该公司拥有5座钾矿和7处矿石处理加工厂。
受俄乌冲突影响，欧盟和美国均对俄罗斯钾肥实施了进口配额及限制。美国地质调查指出：“针对制裁现象，俄罗斯停止向其认为不友好的国家出口肥料，并继续向中国、印度以及一些非洲和南美洲国家出口，但2022年出口量与2021年相比下降了30%左右。”
4. Belarus 🇧🇾
Mine production: 3 million MT
Potash production in Belarus fell by nearly 61 percent from 2021 levels to total 3 million MT in 2022. Prior to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, output from the Eastern European country had been on an upward trajectory since 2016. Belaruskali is the country’s largest industry operator, with six mines and four processing factories.
Belarus' support of Russia's war with Ukraine has placed its potash industry in the same predicament as its comrade.
"In January 2022, the Government of Lithuania, citing national security concerns, cancelled the rail transport contract that allowed the state-run producer in Belarus to ship potash from the port of Klaipeda on the Baltic Sea, its only marine export facility," the US Geological Survey states. This followed the enactment of economic sanctions on Belarus in 2021 by the European Union and the United States, which banned the import of potash.
4. 白俄罗斯
矿产量：300万吨
白俄罗斯2022年的钾肥产量在2021年的基础上下降了61%，约为300万吨。俄乌战争爆发以前，这个东欧国家的钾肥产量自2016年以来一直呈上升趋势。白俄罗斯钾肥(Belaruskali)是该国最大的钾肥运营商，拥有6座钾矿和4处加工厂。
由于白俄罗斯支持俄罗斯对乌克兰的入侵，使其钾肥行业陷入了与俄罗斯相同的困境。
美国地质调查局表示：“2022年1月，立陶宛政府出于对国家安全的考虑，取消了允许白俄罗斯国有生产商从波罗的海-克莱佩达港口出口钾肥的铁路运输合同，该港口是白俄罗斯唯一的海运出口。”立陶宛这一举措是继2021年欧盟和美国对白俄罗斯实施经济制裁限制钾肥进口之后的又一制裁措施。
5. Germany 🇩🇪
Mine production: 2.8 million MT
Although Germany produced 3 million MT of potash in 2019, production has fallen since then and came in at around 2.8 million MT of the material in both 2021 and 2022. K+S (ETR:SDF) is one of Germany’s leading potash miners and has a number of projects, operating six mines in three districts of the country.
5. 德国
矿产量：280万吨
尽管德国在2019年生产了300万吨钾肥，但自那之后产能有所下降，在2021年和2022年产量均保持在280万吨左右。德国钾盐集团(K+S)是德国领先的钾肥生产商之一，拥有该国三个地区的6座钾矿。
6. Israel 🇮🇱
Mine production: 2.5 million MT
Annual potash production in Israel has remained in the 2 million to 2.5 million MT range since 2017. The country is sixth in terms of potash production, and it also hosts the world’s sixth largest potash-producing company, Israel Chemicals (NYSE:ICL,TLV:ICL). The company also produces roughly a third of the world’s bromine, which is often extracted from the same salt water and brine deposits that produce potash.
6. 以色列
矿产量：250万吨
以色列自2017年以来的钾肥年产量一直保持在200万吨到250万吨之间，在全球范围内排名第六，并拥有世界第六大钾肥生产公司以色列化工(Israel Chemicals)。该公司还生产了世界上大约三分之一的溴，这是一种从生产钾肥的盐水和卤水沉积物中提取的产物。
7. Jordan 🇯🇴
Mine production: 1.7 million MT
Potash production in Jordan decreased marginally from 2021 to 2022. Arab Potash Company, located in Jordan, is the seventh largest producer of potash by volume, and is the sole producer of potash in the Arab region. It has helped make Jordan a key potash supplier for India and Asia. Both Israel and Jordan recover potash from the Dead Sea.
7. 约旦
矿产量：170万吨
2021年至2022年期间，约旦的总钾肥产量约有所下降。位于约旦的阿拉伯钾肥公司(Arab Potash Company)是全球排名第7的钾肥生产企业，也是阿拉伯地区唯一的钾肥生产商。该公司已帮助约旦成为印度和亚洲的主要钾肥供应国。与以色列一样，两国都从死海中提取钾盐。
8. Chile 🇨🇱
Mine production: 850,000 MT
Chile recorded production of 1.2 million MT of potash in 2018, the same as the prior two years; however, production dropped below 1 million MT in 2019 and has slipped further since then. Most recently, Chilean potash production remained relatively flat in 2022, coming in at just 8,000 MT less than it did the previous year.
One of the largest producers of potash in the country is SQM (NYSE:SQM), which is also a leading producer of lithium. South America in general is a large consumer of potash.
8. 智利
矿产量：85万吨
2016至2018年，智利钾肥的年产量约为120万吨。然而，自2019年起，年产量降至100万吨以下，并每年持续下降。2022年智利钾肥产量与前一年比相对比较稳定，仅减少8000吨。
该国最大的钾肥生产商之一智利化工矿业(SQM)同时也是锂的主要生产商。整体来看，南美洲是智利钾肥的主要消费地区。
9. Laos 🇱🇦
Mine production: 600,000 MT
The Southeast Asian nation of Laos was the ninth largest potash-producing country in 2022, bumping the US from the position. The country put out 600,000 MT of potash last year, a relatively big leap from the previous year's output of 260,000 MT of potash. Laos has potash reserves of 75 million MT.
Asia-Potash International Investment (SZSE:000893), one of the largest potassium fertilizer producers in Asia, is at the helm of the country's potash industry. In December 2022, the company announced it would be implementing Huawei's Smart Mining Solution at its Laos operations.
9. 老挝
矿产量：60万吨
东南亚国家老挝在2022年以60万吨的年产量取代美国成为世界第9大钾肥生产国，较2020年的26万吨大幅增长。老挝拥有大约7500万吨的钾肥储量。
亚钾国际(Asia-Potash International Investment)是亚洲最大的钾肥生产商之一，掌管着老挝的钾肥行业。2022年12月，亚钾国际宣布在老挝钾肥的运营中使用华为智能采矿解决方案。
10. Spain 🇪🇸
Mine production: 450,000 MT
In 2022, Spain’s potash output grew by 85,000 MT from its 2021 level to hold onto its spot as the 10th largest potash-producing country. This figure is down from 2016, when the country produced 670,000 MT of potash. Spain has potash reserves of 68 million MT. The company Geoalcali has a few potash projects in the country, including the Izaga, Muga and Sierra Del Perdon projects.
10. 西班牙
矿产量：45万吨
2022年西班牙的钾肥产量在2021年的基础上增加了8.5万吨，保持了其作为全球第十大钾肥生产国的地位，尽管这个产量低于其在2016年的67万吨年产量。西班牙拥有约6800万吨的钾肥储量。西班牙Geoalcali公司在本国拥有一些钾肥项目。
