Abstract: Boron is an essential plant micronutrient taken up via the roots mostly in the form of boric acid. Its important role in plant metabolism involves the stabilization of molecules with cis-diol groups. The element is involved in the cell wall and membrane structure and functioning; therefore, it participates in numerous ion, metabolite, and hormone transport reactions. Boron has an extremely narrow range between deficiency and toxicity, and inadequate boron supply exhibits a detrimental effect on the yield of agricultural plants. The deficiency problem can be solved by fertilization, whereas soil boron toxicity can be ameliorated using various procedures; however, these approaches are costly and time-consuming, and they often show temporary effects. Plant species, as well as the genotypes within the species, dramatically differ in terms of boron requirements; thus, the available soil boron which is deficient for one crop may exhibit toxic effects on another. The widely documented intraspecies genetic variability regarding boron utilization efficiency and toxicity tolerance, together with the knowledge of the physiology and genetics of boron, should result in the development of efficient and tolerant varieties that may represent a long-term sustainable solution for the problem of inadequate or excess boron supply.
虽然硼是一种必需的植物营养元素,但过量会产生毒性。由于井水中的过量硼不存在补救措施,因此应在景观中种植耐硼植物。“不幸的是,你无法对井水采取任何措施来降低其硼含量,因此选择耐硼植物是明智的选择。”
Although boron is an essential plant nutrient, excessive amounts can become toxic. Since no remedies exist for excess boron in well water, stick to boron-tolerant plants in the landscape.“Unfortunately, there is nothing you can do to your well water to reduce its level of boron, so selecting boron-tolerant plants is a wise direction to take.”
巨菌草隶属被子植物门, 单子叶植物纲, 禾本科,狼尾草属,原产地在非洲,是一种适宜在热带、亚热带、温带生长和人工栽培的高产优质菌草。巨菌草为多年生植物,直立、丛生,根系发达,植株高大,株高一般为3~5 米;抗逆性强,产量高,粗蛋白和糖分含量高。巨菌草光合作用的最初产物为4-碳酸-羟基丁二酸和天门冬氨酸等四碳双羧酸产物, 即光合作用生化途径为C-4 途径,属典型的四碳植物,具有较高的光合速率。
硼是植物必需的微量元素。它有助于植物细胞分裂,是梢、根和芽附近组织生长所必需的。它在花授粉时花粉管的发育、以及果实和种子生产中至关重要。硼被认为可以增加花的花蜜产量,因此对吸引传粉者是必要的。它对良好的细胞结构也至关重要。因此,缺硼的植物组织通常很早就破裂,导致果实和块茎中出现褐色斑点、坏死斑点、裂纹和扭曲。过量硼抑制种子发芽。阅读更多有关植物硼中毒症状以及如何治疗。
镁对我们植物的健康起着重要作用。它是我们的植物如何将光源转化为能量,促进植物生长和茁壮成长的关键成份之一。
镁是一种高移动的元素,对植物生长发育至关重要。它在土壤中的存在取决于几个因素:岩石材质、气象学程度、当地气候以及特定的耕作制度和做法,如作物类型、耕作强度和作物轮作以及施用方法。因此,镁的含量可能因土壤类型的不同而有很大差异。在热带和砂质土壤中,预计镁含量较低,而沼泽、泥炭沼泽、盐渍土附近的土壤,以及通常粘土含量较高的土壤,镁含量较高。
镁是一种营养元素,能够在植物新旧叶片之间移动的矿物质。植物缺镁会迅速发展,导致下部叶片的镁流失。镁是最重要的生长元素之一,因为它位于组织内叶绿素分子的中心。这意味着,如果缺镁,叶绿素缺乏会导致植物生长发育不良。
硼(B)的毒性最初出现在较低、较老的叶子上。硼中毒的早期症状表现为下部叶片起皱和叶缘脉间失绿。起皱最有可能是由于当B的毒性水平存在时,细胞缺乏膨压引起的。这种褶皱会在叶片表面形成,导致叶片变形。随着时间的推移,脉间褪绿将向内移动,并在大部分叶片上发展。当供应过量的B时,细胞会迅速死亡,导致坏死斑点。随着症状的发展,褪绿和坏死会在植株上发展到其他叶片。
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